Exercise and the cardiovascular system: clinical science and cardiovascular outcomes

Carl J Lavie; Ross Arena; Damon L Swift; Neil M Johannsen; Xuemei Sui; Duck-Chul Lee; Conrad P Earnest; Timothy S Church; James H O'Keefe; Richard V Milani; Steven N Blair

doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.117.305205

Exercise and the cardiovascular system: clinical science and cardiovascular outcomes

Circ Res. 2015 Jul 3;117(2):207-19. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.117.305205.

Affiliations

¹ From the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School-University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA (C.J.L., R.V.M.); Department of Physical Therapy and Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago (R.A.); Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC (D.L.S.); Department of Preventive Medicine, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA (N.M.J., T.S.C.); School of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge (N.M.J.); Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health University of South Carolina, Columbia (X.S., S.N.B.); Department of Kinesiology, College of Human Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames (D.c.L.); Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station (C.P.E.); and Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri-Kansas City (J.H.O.). clavie@ochsner.org.
² From the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School-University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA (C.J.L., R.V.M.); Department of Physical Therapy and Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago (R.A.); Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC (D.L.S.); Department of Preventive Medicine, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA (N.M.J., T.S.C.); School of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge (N.M.J.); Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health University of South Carolina, Columbia (X.S., S.N.B.); Department of Kinesiology, College of Human Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames (D.c.L.); Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station (C.P.E.); and Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri-Kansas City (J.H.O.).

Abstract

Substantial evidence has established the value of high levels of physical activity, exercise training (ET), and overall cardiorespiratory fitness in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. This article reviews some basics of exercise physiology and the acute and chronic responses of ET, as well as the effect of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness on cardiovascular diseases. This review also surveys data from epidemiological and ET studies in the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases, particularly coronary heart disease and heart failure. These data strongly support the routine prescription of ET to all patients and referrals for patients with cardiovascular diseases, especially coronary heart disease and heart failure, to specific cardiac rehabilitation and ET programs.

Keywords: body mass index; cardiovascular diseases; exercise; heart failure; metabolic equivalent.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Aging / physiology
Cardiac Output
Cardiac Rehabilitation
Cardiovascular Diseases / epidemiology
Cardiovascular Diseases / physiopathology
Cardiovascular Diseases / prevention & control
Cardiovascular Diseases / therapy
Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena*
Exercise / physiology*
Exercise Therapy* / adverse effects
Exercise Therapy* / standards
Female
Humans
Inflammation
Male
Obesity / complications
Obesity / physiopathology
Obesity / prevention & control
Obesity / therapy
Physical Fitness
Prescriptions
Risk Factors
Sedentary Behavior
Stress, Psychological / complications
Stress, Psychological / physiopathology
Stress, Psychological / therapy
Stroke Volume
Vascular Stiffness

Grants and funding

R01 AG006945/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States